When the power goes out, homeowners often struggle with a well pump that doesn’t work. A common failure can disrupt your water supply. You’ll then search for solutions to restore the flow.
If your well pump doesn’t work after the power is restored, it can complicate efforts to restore normalcy. You might feel overwhelmed if the water service is suddenly interrupted. But, don’t worry—this is usually a fixable problem. A few troubleshooting steps can help.
A clear, step-by-step process is key to solving the problem. It will help you resolve the issue smoothly. As a homeowner, follow these steps. They will help you restore your water supply and avoid the frustration of being without it.
How to Fix a Well Pump That Won’t Start After a Power Outage
1. Check the Power Supply
The first thing to do is confirm whether the well pump is receiving power. Locate your electrical panel and check for any tripped circuit breakers. Reset any tripped breakers and inspect fuses for possible damage.
If a fuse has blown, replace it with one of the same rating. If the breaker keeps tripping or the fuse blows, there may be a deeper electrical problem. You may need to consult an electrician.
2. Inspect the Pressure Switch
The pressure switch controls when the pump turns on and off based on water pressure. If power fluctuations have caused it to malfunction, you may need to reset it. Locate the pressure switch near the pressure tank and manually reset it by pressing the lever or button.
If the switch is dirty, burnt, or worn out, cleaning or replacing it may be necessary. Listen for a clicking sound when resetting—this indicates it is engaging properly. If there is no response, the switch may need professional replacement.
3. Prime the Pump (If Needed)
Some well pumps, especially jet pumps, require priming if air has entered the system. If your pump isn’t moving water after an outage, add water manually to the pump housing. Just follow the manufacturer’s instructions.
Ensure there are no leaks in the suction line that could prevent proper priming. If the pump fails after priming, the check valve may be the issue. It prevents backflow and needs inspection or replacement.
4. Check for Airlocks in the System
When air gets trapped in the plumbing, it can prevent water from flowing properly. To remove airlocks, open the nearest faucet to the well pump. Let it run until the water flows steadily without bubbles.
If multiple faucets have trapped air, repeat this process throughout the home. If airlocks persist, bleed the system. Turn off the pump and slowly release air through the faucets.
5. Inspect and Test the Pump Motor
If the pump motor doesn’t start, it might be in overload protection. This can happen from too much heat or an electrical problem. Let the motor cool for about 30 minutes before attempting a restart.
If the motor still does not start, check for burnt wires, loose connections, or a damaged capacitor. A humming motor that won’t start may have a bad capacitor. It needs replacement. If you are unsure how to test or replace parts, get help. It will avoid further damage.
6. Check the Water Level in the Well
If your well has run dry or has extremely low water levels, the pump will not be able to function properly. Inspect the well’s water level using a measuring tape or a well depth meter.
If water levels are low, we must reduce usage and wait for nature to replenish it. A low-water cutoff switch can prevent pump damage. It automatically turns off the pump when water levels drop too low.
Common Reasons Why a Well Pump Stops Working After a Power Outage
1. Tripped Circuit Breaker
Sudden power fluctuations can trip the circuit breaker. This cuts power to the well pump. If the breaker is tripped, it cuts power to the pump. It will stop working.
The solution is to check your electrical panel and reset the breaker if necessary. If the breaker trips repeatedly, an electrical issue may exist. It requires a professional inspection.
2. Blown Fuse
A power surge might cause a fuse to blow, preventing the pump from running. When this happens, the well pump loses its power supply, making it non-operational.
The best solution is to replace the blown fuse with a new one of the same rating. If the fuse blows again after replacement, consult an electrician. There may be deeper issues causing a power draw.
3. Faulty Pressure Switch
The pressure switch turns the pump on and off based on water pressure. Power fluctuations may cause the switch to malfunction, preventing it from engaging properly.
If the pressure switch is faulty, inspect it for burnt contacts, dirt, or debris and clean or replace it as needed. In some cases, resetting the switch may fix the well pump.
4. Low or No Water Pressure
Airlocks or low water levels in the well can cause reduced water pressure or no water at all. If air is trapped in the system, it can prevent proper water flow and disrupt pump operation.
To fix this issue, check for airlocks in the system and allow the pump to cycle properly. Sometimes, waiting a few minutes after restoring power can fix pressure issues. If the well is low, you may need to wait for it to refill before the pump will work.
5. Well Pump Motor Overload
Overheating or a power surge can cause the motor to shut down the pump. It will enter overload protection mode. This can occur if the pump is running during the outage. It can also happen if it tries to restart under excessive load.
The solution is to let the motor cool down before attempting a restart. Also, ensure proper ventilation around the motor to prevent future overheating. If the issue persists, a pro should inspect the pump motor for damage.
6. Damaged Pump Components
If the power outage was caused by a storm or an electrical surge, the internal components of the pump may be damaged. Electrical surges can burn out motor windings, damage capacitors, or affect wiring connections.
In such cases, contact a professional to inspect the pump. They will determine if it needs repairs or replacement. Promptly replacing damaged parts can prevent problems and restore the pump.
7. Clogged or Frozen Pipes
In colder climates, pipes from the well may freeze. This prevents water from reaching the home. Ice blockages can cause the pump to work harder or fail completely. Additionally, sediment buildup can clog the pipes, restricting water flow.
To fix this, insulate exposed pipes. Use heat tape to prevent freezing in winter. If sediment is blocking the pipes, try flushing them and cleaning the filters. This may restore water flow.
Preventative Measures for Future Well Pump Failures
Install a Surge Protector
- Well, pumps are vulnerable to power fluctuations and surges. A surge protector can prevent electrical damage to the motor and control system.
- Whole-house surge protectors can protect appliances and the well pump. They can prevent costly repairs.
Use a Backup Generator
- A generator keeps your well pump running during power outages. It prevents disruptions to your water supply.
- Choose a generator with the correct wattage for your well pump. Overloading a small generator can damage both the generator and the pump.
Regular Maintenance and Inspections
- Schedule routine inspections. They will find early signs of wear or failure in electrical connections, pressure switches, and pump parts.
- Regularly check for leaks, corrosion, and unusual noises in the system.
- Keep filters and pipes clean to prevent sediment buildup from reducing efficiency.
Winterize the System
- In cold climates, insulate pipes and install heat tape to prevent freezing.
- Drain any unused water lines before winter to prevent pipe bursts.
FAQs
Yes, most well pumps have a reset button. It is usually located on the pump motor or the control box. If your pump stops working, pressing the reset button might help restart it.
Q2. Can a power surge damage a well pump?
Yes, a power surge can damage a well pump. Sudden high voltage can burn the motor, damage electrical parts, or even cause the pump to stop working. Using a surge protector can help prevent this.
Q3. How long to run well water after a power outage?
After a power outage, let the water run for about 10–15 minutes to flush out any air or dirt in the system. If the water looks dirty or has air bubbles, keep running it until it clears up.
